Factors associated with resilience in older adults

Authors

Keywords:

Psychological resilience, Older adult, Family Support

Abstract

Introduction: Family support and functionality foster appropriate dynamics, family well-being, and greater resilience.

Objective: To determine the association of resilience with family support, family functionality, and socioeconomic level in adults aged 60 and over.

Methods: Analytical cross-sectional design in patients aged 60 and over. The comparison groups were defined based on the level of resilience, high resilience, moderate resilience, and low resilience, determined using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. The sample size was 16 in the high resilience group, 161 in the moderate resilience group, and 95 in the low resilience group. Family support was measured using the Lubben Social Network Scale, family functionality was assessed with the Family APGAR, and socioeconomic level was measured using the Graffar Scale. The statistical analysis plan included percentages, standard desviation, means, ANOVA test, and chi-square test.

Results: There is an association between high resilience and greater family support (p<0.001). High family functionality is associated with high resilience (p<0.001). A higher socioeconomic level is associated with a higher degree of resilience (p<0.001).

Conclusion: There is an association between family support, family functionality, and socioeconomic level with resilience in older adults.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Owen R, Berry K, Brown LJE. Enhancing Older Adults' Well-Being and Quality of Life through Purposeful Activity: A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies. Gerontologist. 2022 [Acceso: 21/10/2025]; 62(6):e317-27. Disponible en: doi: 10.1093/geront/gnab017.

2. Velaithan V, Tan M-M, Yu T-F, Liem A, Teh P-L, Su TT. The association of self-perception of aging and quality of life in older adults: a systematic review. Gerontologist, 2024[Acceso: 21/10/2025]; 64(4):gnad041. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnad041.

3.Vithya V, Min-Min T, Ting-Fai Y, Andrian L, Pei-Lee T, Tin Tin S. The Association of Self-Perception of Aging and Quality of Life in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. The Gerontologist, 2024[Acceso 01/12/2025]; 64(4): gnad041. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnad041

4.Cohn-Schwartz E, de Paula Couto MC, Fung HH, Graf S, Hess TM, Liou S, et al. contact with Older Adults is Related to Positive Age Stereotype and Self-views of Aging: The Older You Are the More You Profit. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci [Internet]. 2023 [Acceso: 21/10/2025]; 78(8):1330–40. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbad038

5. Nestler EJ, Russo SJ. Neurobiological basis of stress resilience. Neuron, 2024[Acceso: 21/10/2025];112(12):1911-1929. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.001

6. Jin Y, Bhattarai M, Kuo WC, Bratzke LC. (2023). Relationship between resilience and self-care in people with chronic conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2023[Acceso: 01/12/2025]; 32:2041–2055. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16258

7. Kim GM, Lim JY, Kim EJ, Park S-M. Resilience of patients with chronic diseases: A systematic review. Health Soc Care Community [Internet]. 2019 [Acceso: 01/10/2025]; 27(4):797–807. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12620

8. Merchant RA, Aprahamian I, Woo J, Vellas B, Morley JE. Resilience and Successful Aging. J Nutr Health Aging. 2022 [Acceso: 21/10/2025]; 26(7):652–6. Disponible en: doi: 10.1007/s12603-022-1818-4

9.Majnarić LT, Bosnić Z, Guljaš S, Vučić D, Kurevija T, Volarić M, et al. Low Psychological Resilience in Older Individuals: An Association with Increased Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and the Presence of Chronic Medical Conditions Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2021 [Acceso: 13/10/2025]; 22(16):8970. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168970

10. Chulz R, Beach SR, Czaja SJ, Martire LM, Monin JK. Family Caregiving for Older Adults. Annu Rev Psychol, 2020[Acceso: 01/10/2025]; 71(1):635–59. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050754

11. Fan L, Wang S, Xue H, Ding Y, Wang J, Tian Y, et al. Social Support and Mortality in Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Frailty. Risk Mang Healthc Policy. 2021 [Acceso: 15/10/2025]; 14:1583–93. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s296018

12. Weixi K. Understanding the associations between the number of close friends and life satisfaction: Considering age differences. Front. Psychol, 2023 [Acceso: 02/12/2025]; 4. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1105771

13 Arriaga-Martínez JL, Veloza-Morales MC, Bareño-Marín LM, López-Pereira A, de la Cruz-Palomo AA, Quintero-Valle LM. Eficacia del programa “Trabajando Juntos en Colaboración” para reducir la sobrecarga de cuidados en familiares de pacientes crónicos colombianos. MedUNAB, 2025[Acceso: 01/10/2025]; 28(2). Disponible en: DOI: https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.4742

14.Silva ALSE, Ottaviani AC, Orlandi F de S, Inouye K, Zazzetta MS, Pavarini SCI, et al. Social Support Perceived by Elderly People in Social Vulnerability According to Family Functionality: a Cross-Sectional Study. Rev Esc Enferm USP, 2023[Acceso: 15/10/2025]; 57: e20220475. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2022-0475en

15. Alonso MAM, Barajas MES, Ordóñez JAG, Ávila Alpirez H, Fhon JRS, Duran-Badillo T. Quality of Life Related to Functional Dependance, Family Functioning and Social Support in Older Adults. Rev Esc Enferm USP [Internet]. 2022[Acceso: 08/10/2025]; 56:e20210482. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2021-0482en

16. de Souza Jr EV, Viana ER, Pires Cruz D, Dos Santos Silva C, Souza Rosa R, Reis Siqueira L, et al. Relationship between Family Functionality and the Quality of Life of the Elderly. Rev Bras Enferm, 2022[Acceso: 08/10/2025]; 75(2):e20210106. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0106

17. Buckley TD, Becker TD, Burnette D. Validation of the Abbreviated Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6) and its Association with Self-Rated Health amongst Older Adults in Puerto Rico. Health Soc Care Community, 2022[Acceso: 06/10/2025]; 30(6):e5527-38. Disponible en: https://doi.org/101111/hsc13977. 2022

18. Aseye Nutakor J, Zhou L, Larnyo E, Addai-Danso S, Tripura D. Socioeconomic Status and Quality of Life: An Assessment of the Mediating Effect of Social Capital. Healthcare, 2023[Acceso: 06/10/2025]; 11(5): 749. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11050749

19. Van der Linden BWA, Cheval B, Sieber S, Orsholits D, Guessous I, Stringhini S, et al. Life Course Socioeconomic Conditions and Frailty at Olcer Ages. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020[Acceso: 01/12/2025]; 75(6):1348–57. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz018

20.- Xue Y, Lu J, Zheng X, Zhang J, Lin H, Qin Z, et al. The Realtionship Between Socieoeconomic Status and Depression ñAmong the Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Health Promoting Lifestyle. J Affect Disord, 2021[Acceso: 16/10/2025]; 285:22–8. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.085

21.- Kivimäki M, Batty GD, Pentti J, Shipley MJ, Sipilä PN, Nyberg ST, et al. Association Between Socioeconomic Status and the Development of Mental and Physical Health Conditions in Adulthood: A Multi-Cohort Study. Lancet Public Health 2020[Acceso: 01/10/2025]; 5(3):e140–9. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30248-8

22.- Huang R, Ghose B, Tang S. Effect of financial stress on the health and quality of life of older adults in five developing countries: a cross-sectional analysis of the WHO-SAGE survey. BMC Geriatr, 2020[Acceso: 29/09/2025]; 20(1):288. Disponible en: https://doi.org/101186/s12877-020-01687-5.

23. García-León MÁ, González-Gómez A, Robles-Ortega H, Padilla JL, Peralta-Ramírez MI. Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC) en población española. Anal Psicol, 2019[Acceso: 29/09/2025]; 19; 35(1):33-40. Disponible en: https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?pid=S021297282019000100005&script=sci_arttext&tlng=es

24. Farriol-Baroni V, González-García L, Luque-García A, Postigo-Zegarra S, Pérez-Ruiz S. Influencia del apoyo social y el bienestar subjetivo en la salud general percibida de las personas mayores. Revista Internacional de Investigación Ambiental y Salud Pública, 2021[Acceso: 12/10/2025]; 18(10):5438. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105438

25. Andrade Palos P, Sánchez Hernández ME, Betancourt Ocampo D, González-González A. Apoyo social, soledad, vulnerabilidad y satisfacción con la vida en personas mayores de México. Av Psicol Latinoam, 2022[Acceso: 12/10/2025]; 40(2). Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.11187

26.- Morales-Jinez A, Fajardo-Ramos E, López-Rincón FJ, Ugarte-Esquivel A, Trujillo-León YI, Rodríguez-Mejía LE. Percepción de las relaciones familiares y nivel de resiliencia en el adulto mayor: un estudio descriptivo-comparativo. Gerokomos [Internet]. 2021[Acceso: 21/10/2025]; 32(2):96–100. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/s1134-928x2021000200006.

27. Zhang Y. Funcionamiento familiar en el contexto de un miembro adulto de la familia con enfermedad: un análisis de conceptos. J Clin Nurs, 2018[Acceso: 29/09/2025]; 27(15–16):3205–24. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14500

28.- Pomares Avalos AJ, Pomares Afonso JA, Antiesteban Alejo RE, Regal Cuesta VM, Vázquez Núñez MA. Relación entre el funcionamiento familiar, ansiedad y depresión en adultos mayores. Rev Cubana Med Gen Integr, 2021[Acceso: 21/10/2025]; 37(2):e1205. Disponible en: https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/revcubmedgenint/cmi-2021/cmi212d.pdf

29. Delfín-Ruiz C, Cano-Guzmán R, Peña-Valencia EJ. Funcionalidad familiar como política de asistencia social en México. Rev Cienc Soc, 2020[Acceso: 01/10/2025]; 26(2): 43–55. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/journal/280/28063431006/html/

30. Montero-López M, Santamaría-Ulloa C, Bekelman T, Arias-Quesada J, Corrales-Calderón J, Jackson-Gómez M. et al. Determinantes sociales de la salud y prevalencia de sobrepeso-obesidad en mujeres urbanas, según nivel socioeconómico. Hacia promoc. Salud, 2021[Acceso: 21/10/2025]; 26(2):192-207. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.17151/hpsal.2021.26.2.14.

31. Turnbull B, Frances Gordon S, Fuentes Balderrama J, Ojeda García A, Cruz Del Castillo C. Resilience is not Free: the Undeserved Failure of the Urban Poor in Mexico. Adversity Resilience Sci. 2023[Acceso: 21/10/2025]; 4:319-33. Disponible en: doi:10.1007/s42844-023-00099-9

Published

2025-12-22

How to Cite

1.
Guzmán Díaz M, Galicia Rodríguez L, Villarreal Ríos E, Franco Saldaña M, Guerrero Mancera M del R. Factors associated with resilience in older adults. GeroInfo [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 22 [cited 2025 Dec. 23];20:e356. Available from: https://revgeroinfo.sld.cu/index.php/gerf/article/view/356

Issue

Section

Artículo de Investigación