Desempeño funcional en adultos mayores con déficit visual por retinopatía diabética

Abstract

The blindness and the visual limited capacity bear to an important limitation of the functional acting. Objectives and method: It was carried out a descriptive, longitudinal and prospective, not controlled study in the Service of Retina of the Ophthalmologic Center Dr. Salvador Allende, during the year 2009, with the objective of identifying the main characteristics of the Diabetic Retinopathy and their impact in the levels of physical acting. The study universe was constituted by 160 diabetics with Retinopathy and visual deficit and the sample for 120 patients, after having applied the inclusion and exclusion approaches. Were used the classification of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study and the scales of Katz and Lawton and Brody. Were analyzed the variables age, sex, type and time of evolution of the Diabetes, associate systemic illnesses, pursuit and control of the Diabetes and the Retinopathy, classification of the Retinopathy, visual deficit, even of physical acting, psychological and social repercussion and rehabilitation possibilities. It was calculated as summary measure the percent for all the variables and the coefficient of Spearman with interval of trust of 95%. Results: more than half of the cases it was understood between 70 and 79 years, they were women, they had Diabetes type 2 with more than 20 years of evolution, associated to Arterial Hypertension and Inadequacy Renal Chronicle and inadequate control, so much of the Diabetes as of the Retinopathy. The form Not Severe Proliferative (29,16%) and the macular edema clinically significant (40,0%) they were more frequent. The 50,0% classified as weak visual moderate, the moderate limitation of the acting and the depression and loss of family lists were the most frequent results. Conclusions: the visual deficit in old men with Diabetic Retinopathy limits in an important way it’s acting in the basic works as in those orchestrated of the daily life with psychological and social repercussion.